herd protection
tasks of livestock farmers
Herd protection refers to all measures taken by livestock farmers to protect their grazing animals from attacks by large predators.
Herd protection begins at the farm, in the barn. A healthy herd is essential for effective protective measures: only healthy animals should be allowed on pasture and must be well-prepared. The animals should be of suitable build and robust, have healthy and well-maintained hooves, and be regularly dewormed. After winter, a gradual acclimatization to pasture and fresh green fodder is important. Necessary vaccinations should be administered in good time, before the grazing season. Lactation should be carefully planned, and births on the alpine pasture should be avoided. The composition of the herd, in terms of age and sex, must also be considered. Young animals require increased protection. It must be ensured that injured or fallen animals can be quickly cared for and, if necessary, transported away. Decisions regarding herd composition and feeding directly impact the condition of the pasture.
To implement livestock protection measures on alpine pastures, a herdsman is needed. Furthermore, the herdsman implements managed grazing practices for the efficient and sustainable use of the pastureland. Through the continuous care of the herd, he ensures, among other things, animal welfare and health. Since the herdsman spends the majority of his working time directly with the herd, suitable infrastructure in the area of operation is necessary, particularly regarding accommodation and care. Through targeted training programs, herdsmen acquire in-depth knowledge in the following areas: animal biology and health, pasture management, herd management, livestock protection, the use of herding dogs, occupational safety, and legal requirements. Physical fitness, mental resilience, and the ability to make and implement independent decisions are fundamental prerequisites for working as a herdsman.
Livestock protection measures:
- Livestock protection fences
An electric fence that meets the criteria of a livestock protection fence protects grazing animals from attacks. It is a simple and effective solution for grazing areas or smaller alpine pastures. Regular inspection and maintenance are essential. For sheep, mobile electric fence nets can be used, which, if properly constructed, offer good wolf protection. A constant power supply of at least 3500 volts is required for an effective livestock protection fence. For detailed information, see the following link: Brochure on Technical Livestock Protection. - livestock guardian dogs
livestock guardian dogs Herding dogs are specially bred and trained to live independently and permanently with the flock, protecting it from predators and stray dogs. They work without direct commands and are characterized by vigilance, reliability, and protective instincts. In Austria, herding dogs must be certified according to [relevant regulations/standards]. 2nd Animal Keeping Ordinance be certified by the Austrian Centre for Bear, Wolf, and Lynx. - night protection
Predators hunt primarily at night. A corral offers a good way to protect grazing animals overnight. To ensure animal health (parasite pressure, hoof health), the corral should be changed at least every two nights, depending on the condition of the soil and vegetation. The animals must learn to enter the corral in the evening and only leave it again in the morning. A well-built alpine barn also offers excellent protection. The size of a corral should be adapted to the size of the herd: For sheep, depending on the site conditions (soil, slope, forage availability), approximately 2.5 to 3 m² per ewe is recommended, while for cattle, depending on the herd (cows, calves, horn size), 8 to 16 m² per animal should be planned. - Deterrent measures
Deterrent measures refer to the short-term scaring away of conspicuous predators. Targeted measures in combination with electric fences (e.g., flashing lights, fluttering tape, noise) can serve as a supplement in acute incidents and only achieve a localized change in behavior. Specific, permitted measures must be clarified with the relevant authorities. Targeted deterrent measures can be part of livestock protection and damage prevention. not Replace, only add. Details can be found in the document. Wolf Management in Austria: Basics and Recommendations.
The aim of livestock protection is to prevent attacks by large predators as much as possible. Some German states subsidize livestock protection measures; see: Help with prevention and promotion.
